# Poincar\'{e} Bessel Beams: Structure and Propagation

## TL;DR

This paper explores the structure and propagation of Poincaré-Bessel beams, demonstrating their polarization patterns, disclinations, and the ability to manipulate these patterns through spectral adjustments, expanding understanding of complex light modes.

## Contribution

It introduces Poincaré-Bessel beams, showing how superpositions produce polarization patterns with disclinations and enabling pattern rotation via spectral manipulation.

## Key findings

- Observation of polarization disclinations in Bessel modes
- Ability to rotate polarization patterns along propagation
- Demonstration of complex polarization structures in non-Gaussian beams

## Abstract

Non-separable superpositions of polarization and spatial modes in Gaussian beams have shown rich patterns of spatially-variable polarization encoded in the transverse mode of the light, with the potential for many applications. In this work we investigate encoding similar types of superpositions in Bessel beams. We find that analogously to what is observed in Poincar\'e-Gaussian beams, Poincar\'e-Bessel beams can be produced by Bessel-mode superpositions. They show polarization patterns with disclinations in the orientation of the polarization ellipse and mappings of the Poincar\'e sphere onto the transverse mode. We report on the observation of lemons, stars and monstar disclinations in the multi-ringed profile of Bessel modes. By manipulating the angular spectrum of the component Bessel beams we are able to impart linear rotation of the patterns along the non-diffracting range due to a linearly increasing propagation phase difference.