# Gravitational waves from neutron star mergers and their relation to the nuclear equation of state

## TL;DR

This paper discusses how gravitational wave observations from neutron star mergers can reveal details about the nuclear equation of state at high densities, reviewing methods, current results, and potential exotic alternatives.

## Contribution

It introduces techniques to extract nuclear equation of state information from gravitational waves and reviews recent observational constraints and theoretical models.

## Key findings

- Gravitational waves provide insights into the nuclear equation of state.
- Current observations constrain properties of dense nuclear matter.
- Numerical simulations are crucial for interpreting gravitational wave data.

## Abstract

In this article, I introduce ideas and techniques to extract information about the equation of state of matter at very high densities from gravitational waves emitted before, during and after the merger of binary neutron stars. I also review current work and results on the actual use of the first gravitational-wave observation of a neutron-star merger to set constraints on properties of such equation of state. In passing, I also touch on the possibility that what we observe in gravitational waves are not neutron stars, but something more exotic. In order to make this article more accessible, I also review the dynamics and gravitational-wave emission of neutron-star mergers in general, with focus on numerical simulations and on which representations of the equation of state are used for studies on binary systems.