Disparate energy scaling of trajectory-dependent electronic excitations for slow protons and He ions

TL;DR

This study compares electronic energy loss of protons and helium ions in silicon foils along different trajectories, revealing distinct energy-dependent behaviors linked to electron excitations and reionization mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides new insights into trajectory-dependent energy loss mechanisms for protons and helium ions at low energies in silicon.

Findings

Energy loss is lower in channelling for all cases.

Protons show increasing energy loss difference with energy.

Helium ions show decreasing energy loss difference with energy.

Abstract

We have simultaneously measured angular distributions and electronic energy loss of helium ions and protons directly transmitted through self-supporting, single-crystalline silicon foils. We have compared the energy loss along channelled and random trajectories for incident ion energies between 50 keV and 200 keV. For all studied cases the energy loss in channelling geometry is found lower than in random geometry. In the case of protons, this difference increases with initial ion energy. This behaviour can be explained by the increasing contribution of excitations of core electrons, which are more likely to happen at small impact parameters accessible only in random geometry. For helium ions we observe a reverse trend - a decrease of the difference between channelled and random energy loss for increasing ion energy. Due to the inefficiency of core-electron excitations even at small impact parameters at such low energies, another mechanism has to be the cause for the observed difference. We provide evidence that the observation originates from reionisation events induced by close collisions of helium ions occurring only along random trajectories.