The three dynamical fates of Boson Stars

TL;DR

This paper investigates the long-term behaviors of spherically symmetric Boson Stars, identifying three possible fates—stability, collapse into black holes, or explosion—using numerical solutions of Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive classification of the three dynamical outcomes of Boson Stars through numerical simulations of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system.

Findings

Stable configurations persist over time.

Unstable bounded configurations collapse into black holes.

Unstable unbounded configurations explode.

Abstract

In this manuscript the three types of late-time behavior of spherically symmetric Boson Stars are presented, these are: stable configurations, unstable bounded that collapse to form black holes and unstable unbounded that explode. The results are found by solving the spherically symmetric Einstein-Klein-Gordon system of equations for a complex scalar field with initial conditions corresponding to a Boson Star. The solution is based on a constrained evolution that uses the method of lines for the scalar field and solves the constraint equations for the geometry on the fly.