# Wave heating in simulated multi-stranded coronal loops

## TL;DR

This study models coronal loops as multi-stranded systems to investigate wave heating effects, finding that multi-stranded loops heat more efficiently and match observed heating locations better than monolithic models.

## Contribution

It introduces a multi-stranded loop model with combined transverse and torsional drivers, demonstrating enhanced heating efficiency and realistic heating locations compared to monolithic models.

## Key findings

- Multi-stranded loops heat faster and more efficiently.
- Higher temperatures are observed near the footpoint in multi-stranded loops.
- Heating locations in multi-stranded loops align with observations.

## Abstract

It has been found that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) induced by both transverse and torsional oscillations in coronal loops can reinforce the effects of wave heating. In this study, we model a coronal loop as a system of individual strands, and we study wave heating effects by considering a combined transverse and torsional driver at the loop footpoint. We deposit the same energy into the multi-stranded loop and an equivalent monolithic loop, and then observe a faster increase in the internal energy and temperature in the multi-stranded model. Therefore, the multi-stranded model is more efficient in starting the heating process. Moreover, higher temperature is observed near the footpoint in the multi-stranded loop and near the apex in the monolithic loop. The apparent heating location in the multi-stranded loop agrees with the previous predictions and observations. Given the differences in the results from our multi-stranded loop and monolithic loop simulations, and given that coronal loops are suggested to be multi-stranded on both theoretical and observational grounds, our results suggest that the multi-strandedness of coronal loops needs to be incorporated in future wave-based heating mechanisms.