# Pakistan's Internet Voting Experiment

## TL;DR

This paper reports on Pakistan's small-scale Internet voting trials for overseas citizens, analyzing system vulnerabilities, sociopolitical factors, and future challenges in deploying such a system at a national scale.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of Pakistan's Internet voting experiment, highlighting unique sociopolitical factors, system vulnerabilities, and future research directions.

## Key findings

- Documented system vulnerabilities and security issues
- Identified sociopolitical motivations for the trial
- Highlighted challenges for large-scale deployment

## Abstract

Pakistan recently conducted small-scale trials of a remote Internet voting system for overseas citizens. In this contribution, we report on the experience: we document the unique combination of sociopolitical, legal, and institutional factors motivating this exercise. We describe the system and it's reported vulnerabilities, and we also highlight new issues pertaining to materiality. If this system is deployed in the next general elections, as seems likely, this development would constitute the largest enfranchised diaspora in the world. Our goal in this paper, therefore, is to provide comprehensive insight into Pakistan's experiment with Internet voting, emphasize outstanding challenges, and identify directions for future research.