# Experimental demonstration of secure quantum remote sensing

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a quantum remote sensing method that ensures data security by using entanglement, allowing accurate local parameter estimation while preventing eavesdroppers from gaining useful information.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum remote sensing protocol that guarantees data security through entanglement, extending quantum metrology into secure information transmission.

## Key findings

- Local site achieves near-perfect Fisher information
- Eavesdropper's Fisher information is nearly zero
- Secure quantum sensing is enabled by entanglement and nonlocal calibration

## Abstract

Quantum metrology aims to enhance the precision of various measurement tasks by taking advantages of quantum properties. In many scenarios, precision is not the sole target; the acquired information must be protected once it is generated in the sensing process. Considering a remote sensing scenario where a local site performs cooperative sensing with a remote site to collect private information at the remote site, the loss of sensing data inevitably causes private information to be revealed. Quantum key distribution is known to be a reliable solution for secure data transmission, however, it fails if an eavesdropper accesses the sensing data generated at a remote site. In this study, we demonstrate that by sharing entanglement between local and remote sites, secure quantum remote sensing can be realized, and the secure level is characterized by asymmetric Fisher information gain. Concretely, only the local site can acquire the estimated parameter accurately with Fisher information approaching 1. In contrast, the accessible Fisher information for an eavesdropper is nearly zero even if he/she obtains the raw sensing data at the remote site. This achievement is primarily due to the nonlocal calibration and steering of the probe state at the remote site. Our results explore one significant advantage of ``quantumness'' and extend the notion of quantum metrology to the security realm.