# Nonlinear dynamics and energy transfer for two rotating dipoles in an external field: A three-dimensional analysis

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes the complex nonlinear dynamics and energy transfer mechanisms of two coupled rotating dipoles in an external electric field, revealing transitions between energy regimes and chaotic behavior.

## Contribution

It provides a three-dimensional classical analysis of dipole interactions under external fields, highlighting energy transfer and chaos in a novel setting.

## Key findings

- Abrupt transition between energy equipartition and non-equipartition regimes
- Chaotic behavior dominates in strong electric fields
- Energy transfer mechanisms are independent of initial rotation directions

## Abstract

We investigate the structure and the nonlinear dynamics of two rigid polar rotors coupled through the dipole-dipole interaction in an external homogeneous electric field. In the field-free stable head-tail configuration, an excess energy is provided to one of the dipoles, and we explore the resulting three-dimensional classical dynamics. This dynamics is characterized in terms of the kinetic energy transfer between the dipoles, their orientation along the electric field, as well as their chaotic behavior. The field-free energy transfer mechanism shows an abrupt transition between equipartition and non-equipartition regimes, which is independent of the initial direction of rotation due to the existence of an infinite set of equivalent manifolds. The field-dressed dynamics is highly complex and strongly depends on the electric field strength and on the initial conditions. In the strong field regime, the energy equipartition and chaotic behavior dominate the dynamics.