# First results of Resistive-Plate Well (RPWELL) detector operation at 163 K

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the first discharge-free operation of a Resistive-Plate WELL detector at cryogenic temperature (163 K) with high gains, using a ferric-based ceramic resistive plate, opening new possibilities for cryogenic particle detection.

## Contribution

It reports the first stable, discharge-free operation of a RPWELL detector at cryogenic temperatures with high gains, utilizing a ferric-based ceramic resistive plate.

## Key findings

- Achieved gains of ~10^4 with X-rays and ~10^5 with UV-photons in single-stage RPWELL.
- Double-stage detector reached gains of ~10^5 with X-rays and ~10^6 with UV-photons.
- Demonstrated stable operation at 163 K in Ne/5% CH4 gas mixture.

## Abstract

We present for the first time, discharge-free operation at cryogenic conditions of a Resistive-Plate WELL (RPWELL) detector. It is a single-sided Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (THGEM) coupled to a readout anode via a plate of high bulk resistivity. The results of single- and double-stage RPWELL detectors operated in stable conditions in Ne/5$\%$CH$_{4}$ at 163 K are summarized. The RPWELL comprised a ferric-based (Fe$^{3+}$) ceramic composite ("Fe-ceramic") as the resistive plate, of volume resistivity $\sim$$10^{11}$ $\Omega$$\cdot$cm at this temperature. Gains of $\sim$$10^{4}$ and $\sim$$10^{5}$ were reached with the single-stage RPWELL, with 6 keV X-rays and single UV-photons, respectively. The double-stage detector, a THGEM followed by the RPWELL, reached gains $\sim$$10^{5}$ and $\sim$$10^{6}$ with X-rays and single UV-photons, respectively. The results were obtained with and without a CsI photocathode on the first multiplying element. Potential applications at these cryogenic conditions are discussed.