# Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the potential of the Terahertz frequency band for future high-speed wireless communication, highlighting its advantages, current research progress, and the need for further exploration of this under-investigated spectrum.

## Contribution

It provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of the fundamental elements, system architecture, and research challenges of Terahertz communication systems.

## Key findings

- THz band offers ultra-high bandwidth for future communication needs.
- Advancements are bridging the gap between millimeter wave and optical frequencies.
- The THz band remains under-explored despite recent research progress.

## Abstract

Ultra-high bandwidth, negligible latency and seamless communication for devices and applications are envisioned as major milestones that will revolutionize the way by which societies create, distribute and consume information. The remarkable expansion of wireless data traffic that we are witnessing recently has advocated the investigation of suitable regimes in the radio spectrum to satisfy users' escalating requirements and allow the development and exploitation of both massive capacity and massive connectivity of heterogeneous infrastructures. To this end, the Terahertz (THz) frequency band (0.1-10 THz) has received noticeable attention in the research community as an ideal choice for scenarios involving high-speed transmission. Particularly, with the evolution of technologies and devices, advancements in THz communication is bridging the gap between the millimeter wave (mmW) and optical frequency ranges. Moreover, the IEEE 802.15 suite of standards has been issued to shape regulatory frameworks that will enable innovation and provide a complete solution that crosses between wired and wireless boundaries at 100 Gbps. Nonetheless, despite the expediting progress witnessed in THz wireless research, the THz band is still considered one of the least probed frequency bands. As such, in this work, we present an up-to-date review paper to analyze the fundamental elements and mechanisms associated with the THz system architecture.