Structural domination and coloring of some ($P_7, C_7$)-free graphs

TL;DR

This paper characterizes certain ($P_7$, $C_7$)-free graphs via structural descriptions and establishes tight chromatic bounds for specific subclasses, advancing understanding of graph domination and coloring.

Contribution

It provides new structural characterizations for ($P_7$,$C_7$,$C_4$,gem)-free and ($P_7$,$C_7$,$C_4$,diamond)-free graphs, and derives tight chromatic bounds for these classes.

Findings

Structural descriptions for specific $ ext{C}$-free graph classes.

Proved $oxed{ ext{chi}(G) extless= 2 ext{omega}(G)-1)}$ for ($P_7$,$C_7$,$C_4$,gem)-free graphs.

Proved $oxed{ ext{chi}(H) extless= ext{omega}(H)+1)}$ for ($P_7$,$C_7$,$C_4$,diamond)-free graphs.

Abstract

We show that every connected induced subgraph of a graph $G$ is dominated by an induced connected split graph if and only if $G$ is $\cal{C}$-free, where $\cal{C}$ is a set of six graphs which includes $P_7$ and $C_7$, and each containing an induced $P_5$. A similar characterisation is shown for the class of graphs which are dominated by induced complete split graphs. Motivated by these results, we study structural descriptions of some classes of $\cal{C}$-free graphs. In particular, we give structural descriptions for the class of ($P_7$,$C_7$,$C_4$,gem)-free graphs and for the class of ($P_7$,$C_7$,$C_4$,diamond)-free graphs. Using these results, we show that every ($P_7$,$C_7$,$C_4$,gem)-free graph $G$ satisfies $\chi(G) \leq 2\omega(G)-1$, and that every ($P_7$,$C_7$,$C_4$,diamond)-free graph $H$ satisfies $\chi(H) \leq \omega(H)+1$. These two upper bounds are tight for any subgraph of the Petersen graph containing a $C_5$.