# Individual ergodic theorems for infinite measure

## TL;DR

This paper extends ergodic theorems to infinite measure spaces, establishing almost uniform convergence of averages for Dunford-Schwartz operators and sequences, with applications to symmetric subspaces.

## Contribution

It introduces a maximal subspace where ergodic averages converge almost uniformly in infinite measure spaces, extending classical results and applying them to Besicovitch sequences.

## Key findings

- Almost uniform convergence of ergodic averages for all functions in the subspace
- Extension of Bourgain's Return Times theorem to infinite measure spaces
- Applications to symmetric subspaces of the function space

## Abstract

Given a $\sigma$-finite infinite measure space $(\Omega,\mu)$, it is shown that any Dunford-Schwartz operator $T:\,\mathcal L^1(\Omega)\to\mathcal L^1(\Omega)$ can be uniquely extended to the space $\mathcal L^1(\Omega)+\mathcal L^\infty(\Omega)$. This allows to find the largest subspace $\mathcal R_\mu$ of $\mathcal L^1(\Omega)+\mathcal L^\infty(\Omega)$ such that the ergodic averages $\frac1n\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n-1}T^k(f)$ converge almost uniformly (in Egorov's sense) for every $f\in\mathcal R_\mu$ and every Dunford-Schwartz operator $T$. Utilizing this result, almost uniform convergence of the averages $\frac1n\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n-1}\beta_kT^k(f)$ for every $f\in\mathcal R_\mu$, any Dunford-Schwartz operator $T$ and any bounded Besicovitch sequence $\{\beta_k\}$ is established. Further, given a measure preserving transformation $\tau:\Omega\to\Omega$, Assani's extension of Bourgain's Return Times theorem to $\sigma$-finite measure is employed to show that for each $f\in\mathcal R_\mu$ there exists a set $\Omega_f\subset\Omega$ such that $\mu(\Omega\setminus\Omega_f)=0$ and the averages $\frac1n\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n-1}\beta_kf(\tau^k\omega)$ converge for all $\omega\in\Omega_f$ and any bounded Besicovitch sequence $\{\beta_k\}$. Applications to fully symmetric subspaces $E\subset\mathcal R_\mu$ are given.