# The Ruelle operator for symmetric $\beta$-shifts

## TL;DR

This paper studies the Ruelle operator for symmetric beta-shifts, establishing existence of eigenfunctions and eigenmeasures, and analyzing entropy convergence for potentials on these non-finite type symbolic spaces.

## Contribution

It introduces the Ruelle operator framework for symmetric beta-shifts and proves key spectral properties and entropy convergence results in this setting.

## Key findings

- Existence of positive eigenfunctions and eigenmeasures for the Ruelle operator.
- Convergence of entropy of equilibrium states as the potential is scaled.
- Extension of thermodynamic formalism to non-finite type symbolic systems.

## Abstract

Consider $m \in \mathbb{N}$ and $\beta \in (1, m + 1]$. Assume that $a\in \mathbb{R}$ can be represented in base $\beta$ using a development in series $a = \sum^{\infty}_{n = 1}x(n)\beta^{-n}$ where the sequence $x = (x(n))_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ take values in the alphabet $\mathcal{A}_m := \{0, \ldots, m\}$. The above expression is called the $\beta$-expansion of $a$ and it is not necessarily unique. We are interested in sequences $x = (x(n))_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \in \mathcal{A}_m^\mathbb{N}$ which are associated to all possible values $a$ which have a unique expansion. We denote the set of such $x$ (with some more technical restrictions) by $X_{m,\beta} \subset\mathcal{A}_m^\mathbb{N}$. The space $X_{m, \beta}$ is called the symmetric $\beta$-shift associated to the pair $(m, \beta)$. It is invariant by the shift map but in general it is not a subshift of finite type. Given a H\"older continuous potential $A:X_{m, \beta} \to\mathbb{R}$, we consider the Ruelle operator $\mathcal{L}_A$ and we show the existence of a positive eigenfunction $\psi_A$ and an eigenmeasure $\rho_A$ for some appropriated values of $m$ and $\beta$. We also consider a variational principle of pressure. Moreover, we prove that the family of entropies $h(\mu_{tA})_{t>1}$ converges, when $t \to\infty$, to the maximal value among the set of all possible values of entropy of all $A$-maximizing probabilities.