# Rabi spectroscopy of three-dimensional optical lattice clocks

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes the effects of long-range dipole-dipole interactions on the clock shift in three-dimensional optical lattice clocks using Rabi spectroscopy, providing a theoretical framework for future experimental validation.

## Contribution

It derives approximate Bloch equations considering dipole-dipole interactions and predicts the clock shift as a product of interaction strength and lattice configuration factors.

## Key findings

- Clock shift is proportional to dipole-dipole coupling strength.
- The shift depends on Rabi pulse parameters and lattice configuration.
- Theoretical predictions can be tested in future experiments.

## Abstract

Recent realisation of three-dimensional optical lattice clocks circumvents short range collisional clock shifts which have been the bottle neck towards higher precision; the long range electronic dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms becomes the primary source of clock shift due to interatomic interactions. We study the Rabi spectroscopy of three-dimensional optical lattice clocks with unity filling. From the Lindblad equation governing the time evolution of the density matrix of the atoms, we derive the Bloch equations in the presence of the external Rabi driving laser field, and solve the equations approximately to the first order of the coupling strength of the dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms. We find that the clock shift equals to the product of the coupling strength, a factor determined by the parameters of the Rabi pulse, and another factor depending on the configuration of the three-dimensional optical lattice. Our result on the clock shift within the Rabi spectroscopy can be checked by measurement in future experiment.