# A note on the spectral flow operator

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the spectral flow operator naturally arises in Liouville theory and shows that amplitudes involving multiple insertions are independent of insertion points, supporting the WZW-Liouville correspondence.

## Contribution

It reveals the natural emergence of the spectral flow operator in Liouville theory and generalizes previous results to multiple insertions, confirming consistency in winding number violations.

## Key findings

- Spectral flow operator appears naturally in Liouville theory.
- Amplitude independence from insertion points is confirmed.
- Generalizes previous single-insertion results to multiple insertions.

## Abstract

The insertion of the spectral flow operator in a string scattering amplitude on AdS$_3\times \mathcal{N}$ produces a change in the winding number of one of the incoming (or outgoing) states, making it possible to compute amplitudes of processes in which winding number in AdS$_3$ is not conserved. The insertion of such operator, however, might seem artificial from the worldsheet theory perspective, as it appears as an unintegrated vertex operator of conformal dimension zero that does not represent any normalizable state. Here, we show that the spectral flow operator naturally emerges in the Liouville field theory description of the WZW correlation functions once it is combined with a series of duality relations among conformal integrals. By considering multiple insertions of spectral flow operators, we study the dependence on the moduli for arbitrary number of them, and we show explicitly that the amplitude does not depend on the specific locations of the accessory insertions in the worldsheet, as required by consistency. This generalizes previous computations in which particular cases were considered. This can also be thought of as an alternative proof of the WZW-Liouville correspondence in the case of maximally winding violating correlators.