# Ultra Lightweight Multiple-time Digital Signature for the Internet of Things Devices

## TL;DR

This paper introduces SEMECS, a lightweight, energy-efficient multiple-time digital signature scheme suitable for resource-constrained IoT devices, with proven security and practical implementation results.

## Contribution

We propose SEMECS, a novel elliptic curve-based multiple-time signature scheme optimized for low-resource devices, with no EC operations at signing and verified security.

## Key findings

- Up to 19x less battery consumption compared to SchnorrQ
- Achieves optimal signature and key sizes without EC operations at signer
- Successfully implemented and tested on 8-bit AVR microprocessor

## Abstract

Digital signatures are basic cryptographic tools to provide authentication and integrity in the emerging ubiquitous systems in which resource-constrained devices are expected to operate securely and efficiently. However, existing digital signatures might not be fully practical for such resource-constrained devices (e.g., medical implants) that have energy limitations. Some other computationally efficient alternatives (e.g., one-time/multiple-time signatures) may introduce high memory and/or communication overhead due to large private key and signature sizes. In this paper, our contributions are two-fold: First, we develop a new lightweight multiple-time digital signature scheme called Signer Efficient Multiple-time Elliptic Curve Signature (SEMECS), which is suitable for resource-constrained embedded devices. SEMECS achieves optimal signature and private key sizes for an EC-based signature without requiring any EC operation (e.g., EC scalar multiplication or addition) at the signer. We prove SEMECS is secure (in random oracle model) with a tight security reduction. Second, we fully implemented SEMECS on 8-bit AVR microprocessor with a comprehensive energy consumption analysis and comparison. Our experiments confirm up to 19x less battery-consumption for SEMECS as compared to its fastest (full-time) counterpart, SchnorrQ, while offering significant performance advantages over its multiple-time counterparts in various fronts. We open-source our implementation for public testing and adoption.