# Quantitative Immunology for Physicists

## TL;DR

This paper reviews recent quantitative approaches in immunology, highlighting how physicists model the complex, multiscale adaptive immune system to predict immune responses and understand its dynamics.

## Contribution

It provides an overview of recent theoretical and experimental contributions by physicists to modeling the adaptive immune system, emphasizing quantitative methods.

## Key findings

- Physicists have developed models predicting immune cell behavior.
- Quantitative methods help understand immune system dynamics.
- The review summarizes theoretical tools used in the field.

## Abstract

The adaptive immune system is a dynamical, self-organized multiscale system that protects vertebrates from both pathogens and internal irregularities, such as tumours. For these reason it fascinates physicists, yet the multitude of different cells, molecules and sub-systems is often also petrifying. Despite this complexity, as experiments on different scales of the adaptive immune system become more quantitative, many physicists have made both theoretical and experimental contributions that help predict the behaviour of ensembles of cells and molecules that participate in an immune response. Here we review some recent contributions with an emphasis on quantitative questions and methodologies. We also provide a more general methods section that presents some of the wide array of theoretical tools used in the field.