# Seed and vacuum pair production in strong laser field

## TL;DR

This paper reviews electron-positron pair production in strong laser fields, focusing on nonperturbative QED methods for seed-assisted and vacuum pair creation, highlighting recent progress and ongoing challenges.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of nonperturbative techniques for pair production in intense laser fields, comparing seed-assisted and vacuum scenarios.

## Key findings

- Analysis of nonperturbative QED methods
- Discussion of experimental and theoretical challenges
- Summary of recent achievements in pair production research

## Abstract

Researches on the electron-positron pair production in the presence of the intense laser field are reviewed, motivated by the theoretical importance of the nonperturbative QED problem and the worldwide development of the strong laser facilities. According to distinct experimental requirements and theoretical methods, two types of pair production are elaborated, which are respectively the pair production in the combination of a seed particle and the strong laser, and vacuum pair production without a seed particle. The origin of the nonperturbative problem caused by the strong field is analyzed. The main ideas, realization, achievements, validity, challenges and bottleneck problems of the nonperturbative methods developed for each type of the pair production problem are discussed.