# On ultraproduct embeddings and amenability for tracial von Neumann algebras

## TL;DR

This paper explores the relationship between amenability, the Connes Embedding Problem, and embedding properties of tracial von Neumann algebras, introducing new concepts like self-tracial stability and analyzing embedding conjugacy.

## Contribution

It establishes that self-tracial stability characterizes amenability among Connes embeddable algebras and generalizes Jung's result on embedding conjugacy, resolving a question of Popa for embeddable factors.

## Key findings

- Self-tracial stability iff amenability for Connes embeddable algebras
- Any two embeddings into $R^$ are ucp-conjugate iff the algebra is amenable
- The space of embeddings is separable iff the algebra is hyperfinite

## Abstract

We define the notion of self-tracial stability for tracial von Neumann algebras and show that a tracial von Neumann algebra satisfying the Connes Embedding Problem is self-tracially stable if and only if it is amenable. We then generalize a result of Jung by showing that a separable tracial von Neumann algebra that satisfies the Connes Embedding Problem is amenable if and only if any two embeddings into $R^\mathcal{U}$ are ucp-conjugate. Moreover we show that for a II$_1$ factor $N$ satisfying CEP, the space $\mathbb{H}$om$(N, \prod_{k\to \mathcal{U}}M_k)$ of unitary equivalence classes of embeddings is separable if and only $N$ is hyperfinite. This resolves a question of Popa for Connes embeddable factors. These results hold when we further ask that the pairs of embeddings commute, admitting a nontrivial action of $\text{Out}(N\otimes N)$ on $\mathbb{H}$om$(N\otimes N, \prod_{k\to \mathcal{U}}M_k)$ whenever $N$ is non-amenable. We also obtain an analogous result for commuting sofic representations of countable sofic groups.