# Rescattering effects in streaking experiments of strong-field ionization

## TL;DR

This paper confirms the multiple rescattering effects in strong-field ionization experiments through advanced 2D simulations and experimental data analysis, revealing complex interference patterns and electron dynamics on sublaser-cycle scales.

## Contribution

It provides direct evidence of rescattering effects in streaking experiments using 2D Schrödinger equation simulations and experimental validation, advancing understanding of electron dynamics.

## Key findings

- Rescattering causes observable asymmetries in low-energy electron momentum distributions.
- Holographic interference structures persist even when averaging over carrier-envelope phase.
- Structures influenced by rescattering reveal electron dynamics on sublaser-cycle time scales.

## Abstract

Strong field ionization provides a unique mean to address complex dynamics of an electron in competing Coulomb and laser fields. Recent streak camera experiment (K\"ubel, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 183201) analyzed asymmetries in the low-energy region of ejected electron momenta distribution and associated them with multiple rescattering of the electron on the parent ion. In this work we directly confirm the multiple rescattering nature of the asymmetry in the low-energy region. Such electron-ion collisions cannot be described within one-dimensional simulations even taking into account focal-volume averaging. Using time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation simulation in two dimensions supplemented by the insight from strong field semi-classical approximation we identify the dominant interference features of the complex photoelectron momentum maps and find their traces in the experiment. In particular, the holographic structures remain visible in experimental results averaged over carrier-envelope phase (CEP). In the case of individual momentum maps when CEP or delay between the two pulses is varied, the structures arising due to rescattering events are influenced by interfering electrons ionized at main peaks of the electric field. With an increase of experimental resolution, such structures record the electron dynamics on a sublaser-cycle time scale.