# Spectroscopy with the Engineering Development Array: cold H$^{+}$ at 63 MHz towards the Galactic Centre

## TL;DR

This study uses the Engineering Development Array to detect low-frequency radio recombination lines from the Galactic Centre, revealing cold ionized gas and demonstrating the array's capabilities and limitations for low-frequency spectroscopy.

## Contribution

First detection of hydrogen RRLs at 63 MHz with the EDA, providing insights into cold ionized gas near the Galactic Centre and assessing the array's performance for low-frequency observations.

## Key findings

- Detected hydrogen RRLs in emission at 63 MHz, the lowest frequency for such lines.
- Identified RFI-affected frequency ranges and sensitivity limitations of the EDA.
- Linked cold ionized gas to the Riegel-Crutcher cloud near the Galactic Centre.

## Abstract

The Engineering Development Array (EDA) is a single test station for Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursor technology. We have used the EDA to detect low-frequency radio recombination lines (RRLs) from the Galactic Centre region. Low-frequency RRLs are an area of interest for future low-frequency SKA work as these lines provide important information on the physical properties of the cold neutral medium. In this project we investigate the EDA, its bandpass and the radio frequency interference environment for low-frequency spectroscopy. We present line spectra from 30 to 325 MHz for the Galactic Centre region. The decrease in sensitivity for the EDA at the low end of the receiver prevents carbon and hydrogen RRLs to be detected below 40 and 60 MHz respectively. RFI strongly affects frequencies in the range 276-292, 234-270, 131-138, 95-102 and below 33 MHz. Cn$\alpha$ RRLs were detected in absorption for quantum levels n = 378 to 550 (39-121 MHz) and in emission for n = 272 to 306 (228-325 MHz). Cn$\beta$ lines were detected in absorption for n = 387 to 696 (39-225 MHz). Hn$\alpha$ RRLs were detected in emission for n = 272 to 480 (59-325 MHz). Hn$\beta$ lines were detected for n = 387 to 453 (141-225 MHz). The stacked Hn$\alpha$ detection at 63 MHz is the lowest frequency detection made for hydrogen RRLs and shows that a cold (partially) ionized medium exists along the line of sight to the Galactic Centre region. The size and velocity of this cold H$^{+}$ gas indicates that it is likely associated with the nearby Riegel-Crutcher cloud.