# Global characteristics of the medium produced in ultra-high energy cosmic ray collisions

## TL;DR

This paper estimates geometrical and bulk parameters of matter produced in ultra-high energy cosmic ray collisions, suggesting the formation of deconfined quark-gluon matter even in light nuclear interactions at these energies.

## Contribution

It provides novel estimations of space-time and particle density parameters for UHECR collisions, indicating potential Bose-Einstein condensation and quark-gluon plasma formation.

## Key findings

- Indicates formation of deconfined quark-gluon matter in light nuclear collisions at UHECR energies
- Suggests possible Bose-Einstein condensation of secondary particles
- Provides estimations useful for future collider experiments and cosmic ray models

## Abstract

Estimations of some geometrical and bulk parameters are presented for the matter produced in various type collisions with ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) particles. Results for multiplicity density at midrapidity, decoupling time, and energy density are discussed for small and larger collision systems. Based on the analytic functions suggested previously elsewhere, estimations for a wide set of space-time quantities are obtained for emission region created in various particle collisions at energies of UHECR. The space particle densities at freeze-out are derived also and allow the possibility of novel features for secondary particle production like Bose-Einstein condensation at least for nuclear interactions with UHECR particles. The estimations obtained for global and geometrical parameters indicate the creation of deconfined quark-gluon matter with large enough volume and lifetime even in light nuclear collisions at UHECR energies. These quantitative results can be important for both the future collider experiments at center-of-mass energy frontier and the improvement of the phenomenological models for development of the cosmic ray cascades in ultra-high energy domain.