# Formation of supermassive primordial black holes by Affleck-Dine mechanism

## TL;DR

This paper explores how primordial black holes formed via an inhomogeneous baryogenesis process in the modified Affleck-Dine mechanism could serve as seed black holes for supermassive black holes observed in galactic centers, avoiding CMB constraints.

## Contribution

It proposes a novel formation scenario for seed black holes using inhomogeneous baryogenesis, providing a potential explanation for SMBH origins without CMB constraints.

## Key findings

- Model can produce seed black holes with masses $10^{4-5}M_\odot$
- Inhomogeneous baryogenesis avoids CMB $\mu$-distortion constraints
- Scenario explains SMBH seed formation at high redshift

## Abstract

We study the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) observed in the galactic centers. Although the origin of SMBHs has not been well understood yet, previous studies suggest that seed black holes (BHs) with masses $10^{4-5}M_\odot$ exist at a high redshift ($z \sim 10$). We examine whether primordial black holes (PBHs) produced by inhomogeneous baryogenesis can explain those seed black holes. The inhomogeneous baryogenesis is realized in the modified Affleck-Dine mechanism. In this scenario, there is no stringent constraint from CMB $\mu$-distortion in contrast to the scenario where Gaussian fluctuations collapse into PBHs. It is found that the model can account for the origin of the seed BHs of the SMBHs.