# Deformed QCD phase structure and entropy oscillation in the presence of a magnetic background

## TL;DR

This paper explores how external magnetic fields influence the QCD phase structure and entropy oscillations, revealing complex phase transitions and potential implications for heavy-ion collisions and magnetar physics.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the deformation of QCD phase structure due to Landau level filling in magnetic fields within the PNJL model, highlighting new complex transition phenomena.

## Key findings

- Multiple Landau levels can induce complex phase transitions.
- First-order transitions depend on magnetic field strength.
- Entropy oscillations increase with baryon density in magnetic backgrounds.

## Abstract

The QCD phase transitions are investigated in the presence of an external magnetic field in the Polyakov improved Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. We detailedly analyze that how the filling of multiple Landau levels by light (up and down) quarks deforms the QCD phase structure under different magnetic fields. In particular, we concentrate on the phase transition under a magnetic field possibly reachable in the non-central heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. The numerical result shows that two first-order transitions or more complicate phase transition in the light quark sector can exist for some magnetic fields, different from the phase structure under a very strong or zero magnetic field. These phenomena are very interesting and possibly relevant to the non-central heavy-ion collision experiments with colliding energies at several $A$ GeV as well as the equation of state of magnetars. Besides, we investigate the entropy oscillation with the increase of baryon density in a magnetic background.