Generalized Proportional Allocation Policies for Robust Control of Dynamical Flow Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces a family of distributed, scalable control policies called GPA for stabilizing dynamical flow networks, such as urban traffic systems, without requiring global network information, thus enhancing robustness and adaptability.

Contribution

The paper proposes GPA control policies that are decentralized, scalable, and robust, capable of stabilizing flow networks using only local feedback, unlike previous methods needing global information.

Findings

GPA policies stabilize networks within the stability region.

GPA policies are decentralized and scalable.

They are robust to demand and capacity variations.

Abstract

We study a robust control problem for dynamical flow networks. In the considered dynamical models, traffic flows along the links of a transportation network --modeled as a capacited multigraph-- and queues up at the nodes, whereby control policies determine which incoming queues at a node are to be allocated service simultaneously, within some predetermined scheduling constraints. We first prove a fundamental performance limitation by showing that for a dynamical flow network to be stabilizable by some control policy it is necessary that the exogenous inflows belong to a certain stability region, that is determined by the network topology, link capacities, and scheduling constraints. Then, we introduce a family of distributed controls, referred to as Generalized Proportional Allocation (GPA) policies, and prove that they stabilize a dynamical transportation network whenever the exogenous inflows belong to such stability region. The proposed GPA control policies are decentralized and fully scalable as they rely on local feedback information only. Differently from previously studied maximally stabilizing control strategies, the GPA control policies do not require any global information about the network topology, the exogenous inflows, or the routing, which makes them robust to demand variations and unpredicted changes in the link capacities or the routing decisions. Moreover, the proposed GPA control policies also take into account the overhead time while switching between services. Our theoretical results find one application in the control of urban traffic networks with signalized intersections, where vehicles have to queue up at junctions and the traffic signal controls determine the green light allocation to the different incoming lanes.