# Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Rate Adaptation and Reach Increase in WDM Transmission Systems

## TL;DR

This paper compares enumerative sphere shaping (ESS) with CCDM and uniform signalling, demonstrating that ESS significantly increases transmission reach in WDM systems by about 10-22%.

## Contribution

It introduces and evaluates ESS as a method for rate adaptation and reach enhancement in WDM transmission systems.

## Key findings

- ESS offers approximately 10% reach increase over CCDM.
- ESS provides about 22% reach increase compared to uniform signalling.
- ESS outperforms other methods in terms of transmission reach.

## Abstract

The performance of enumerative sphere shaping (ESS), constant composition distribution matching (CCDM), and uniform signalling are compared at the same forward error correction rate. ESS is shown to offer a reach increase of approximately 10% and 22% compared to CCDM and uniform signalling, respectively.