# The radial acceleration relation and dark baryons in MOND

## TL;DR

This study examines the radial acceleration relation in disk galaxies within the MOND framework, exploring the impact of dark baryons and confirming the universality of the MOND acceleration constant.

## Contribution

It investigates the effect of dark baryons on galaxy rotation curves and the RAR in MOND, finding slight improvements and a universal acceleration constant.

## Key findings

- Dark baryons slightly improve fits for 47% of galaxies
- The mean dark baryon factor c is 2.4±1.3
- The MOND acceleration constant a₀ is universal

## Abstract

Recent observations of rotationally supported galaxies show a tight correlation between the observed radial acceleration at every radius and the Newtonian acceleration generated by the baryonic mass distribution, the so-called radial acceleration relation (RAR). The rotation curves (RCs) of the SPARC sample of disk galaxies with different morphologies, masses, sizes and gas fractions are investigated in the context of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). We include the effect of cold dark baryons by scaling the measured mass in the atomic form by a factor of $c$ in the mass budget of galaxies. In addition to the standard interpolating function, we also fit the RCs and the RAR with the empirical RAR-inspired interpolating function. Slightly better fits for about $47\%$ of galaxies in our sample are achieved in the presence of dark baryons ($c>1$) with the mean value of $c = 2.4\pm 1.3$. Although the MOND fits are not significantly improved by including dark baryons, it results in a decrease in the characteristic acceleration $g_\dag$ by $40\%$. We find no correlation between the MOND critical acceleration $a_0$ and the central surface brightness of the stellar disk, $\mu_{3.6}$. This supports $a_0$ being a universal constant for all galaxies.