# Nonlinear Fourier spectrum characterization of time-limited signals

## TL;DR

This paper provides a rigorous mathematical analysis of the properties of signals in nonlinear Fourier transform-based optical communication systems, focusing on b-modulation and the effects of bound states on signal localization and noise tolerance.

## Contribution

It offers explicit proofs for the properties of b-modulated signals with limited duration and demonstrates that infinitely many solitary modes can be embedded without losing localization.

## Key findings

- Number of solitary modes that can be embedded is infinite.
- Bound states influence the noise tolerance of the system.
- Numerical examples validate the theoretical approach.

## Abstract

Addressing the optical communication systems employing the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) for the data modulation/demodulation, we provide an explicit proof for the properties of the signals emerging in the so-called b-modulation method, the nonlinear signal modulation technique that provides explicit control over the signal extent. We present details of the procedure and related rigorous mathematical proofs addressing the case where the time-domain profile corresponding to the b-modulated data has a limited duration, and when the bound states corresponding to specifically chosen discrete solitonic eigenvalues and norming constants, are also present. We also prove that the number of solitary modes that we can embed without violating the exact localisation of the time-domain profile, is actually infinite. Our theoretical findings are illustrated with numerical examples, where simple example waveforms are used for the $b$-coefficient, demonstrating the validity of the developed approach. We also demonstrate the influence of the bound states on the noise tolerance of the b-modulated system.