# Tunable, Hardware-based Quantum Random Number Generation using Coupled Quantum Dots

## TL;DR

This paper presents a tunable, hardware-based quantum random number generator using coupled quantum dots, leveraging quantum mechanics for true randomness and device tunability for bias control, suitable for various applications including cryptography.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel QRNG design based on coupled quantum dots with tunable bias, applicable at different temperatures, and analyzes its power and timing characteristics.

## Key findings

- Device tunability allows bias adjustment in generated random bits.
- Metal-dot implementation suitable for cryogenic environments.
- Molecular implementation enables room-temperature operation.

## Abstract

Random numbers are a valuable commodity in gaming and gambling, simulation, conventional and quantum cryptography, and in non-conventional computing schemes such as stochastic computing. We propose to generate a random bit using a position measurement of a single mobile charge on a coupled pair of quantum dots. True randomness of the measurement outcome is provided by quantum mechanics via Born's rule. A random bit string may be generated using a sequence of repeated measurements on the same double quantum dot (DQD) system. Any bias toward a "0" measurement or a "1" measurement may be removed or tuned as desired simply by adjusting the detuning between localized states. Device tunability provides versatility, enabling this quantum random number generator (QRNG) to support applications in which no bias is desired, or where a tunable bias is desired. We discuss a metal-dot implementation as well as a molecular implementation of this QRNG. Basic quantum mechanical principles are used to study power dissipation and timing considerations for the generation of random bit strings. The DQD offers a small form factor and, in a metallic implementation, is usable in the case where cryogenic operations are desirable (as in the case of quantum computing). For room-temperature applications, a molecular DQD may be used.