# Creek: Low-latency, Mixed-Consistency Transactional Replication Scheme

## TL;DR

Creek is a novel replication scheme that combines low-latency eventual consistency with the ability to execute strongly consistent operations, using a dual broadcast approach to optimize performance and correctness.

## Contribution

Creek introduces a new conditional atomic broadcast mechanism and a hybrid ordering approach for low-latency, mixed-consistency transactional replication.

## Key findings

- Up to 2.5x lower latency in TPC-C benchmark
- High accuracy of speculative execution (92-100%)
- Efficient handling of complex deterministic operations

## Abstract

In this paper we introduce Creek, a low-latency, eventually consistent replication scheme that also enables execution of strongly consistent operations (akin to ACID transactions). Operations can have arbitrary complex (but deterministic) semantics. Similarly to state machine replication (SMR), Creek totally-orders all operations, but does so using two different broadcast mechanisms: a timestamp-based one and our novel conditional atomic broadcast (CAB). The former is used to establish a tentative order of all operations for speculative execution, and it can tolerate network partitions. On the other hand, CAB is only used to ensure linearizable execution of the strongly consistent operations, whenever distributed consensus can be solved. The execution of strongly consistent operations also stabilizes the execution order of the causally related weakly consistent operations. Creek uses multiversion concurrency control to efficiently handle operations' rollbacks and reexecutions resulting from the mismatch between the tentative and the final execution orders. In the TPC-C benchmark, Creek offers up to 2.5 times lower latency in returning client responses compared to the state-of-the-art speculative SMR scheme, while maintaining high accuracy of the speculative execution (92-100%).