# The molecular outflow in NGC253 at a resolution of two parsecs

## TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution ALMA observations to analyze the molecular outflow in NGC253's starburst center, quantifying its mass, energy, and momentum, and highlighting the outflow's significant role in galaxy feedback processes.

## Contribution

First detailed high-resolution analysis of molecular outflows in NGC253 combining multiple CO transitions to quantify outflow properties and their impact on galaxy evolution.

## Key findings

- Molecular outflow rate estimated at 14-39 M$_\ ext{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$.
- Outflow contributes 8-20 times the star formation rate in mass loading.
- Outflow energy accounts for about 8% of starburst energy output.

## Abstract

We present 0.15'' (~2.5pc) resolution ALMA CO(3-2) observations of the starbursting center in NGC253. Together with archival ALMA CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) data we decompose the emission into a disk and non-disk component. We find ~7-16% of the CO luminosity to be associated with the non-disk component ($1.2-4.2 \times 10^7$ K km s$^{-1}$ pc$^2$). The total molecular gas mass in the center of NGC253 is $\sim 3.6 \times 10^8$ M$_\odot$ with $\sim 0.5 \times 10^8$ M$_\odot$ (~15%) in the non-disk component. These measurements are consistent across independent mass estimates through three CO transitions. The high-resolution CO(3-2) observations allow us to identify the molecular outflow within the non-disk gas. Using a starburst conversion factor, we estimate the deprojected molecular mass outflow rate, kinetic energy and momentum in the starburst of NGC253. The deprojected molecular mass outflow rate is in the range ~14-39 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ with an uncertainty of 0.4dex. The large spread arises due to different interpretations of the kinematics of the observed gas while the errors are due to unknown geometry. The majority of this outflow rate is contributed by distinct outflows perpendicular to the disk, with a significant contribution by diffuse molecular gas. This results in a mass loading factor $\eta = \dot{M}_\mathrm{out} / \dot{M}_\mathrm{SFR}$ in the range $\eta \sim 8-20$ for gas ejected out to ~300pc. We find the kinetic energy of the outflow to be $\sim 2.5-4.5 \times 10^{54}$ erg and ~0.8dex typical error which is ~0.1% of the total or ~8% of the kinetic energy supplied by the starburst. The outflow momentum is $4.8-8.7 \times 10^8$ M$_\odot$ km s$^{-1}$ (~0.5dex error) or ~2.5-4% of the kinetic momentum released into the ISM by feedback. The unknown outflow geometry and launching sites are the primary source of uncertainty in this study.