# Quantum duets working as autonomous thermal motors

## TL;DR

This paper investigates a quantum thermal machine composed of two particles on sinusoidal tracks, revealing how broken symmetry induces directed motion and enabling work extraction without cyclic protocols.

## Contribution

It provides an exact expression for the velocity of the quantum motor in the small undulation limit and explores the effects of external forces and particle interactions.

## Key findings

- Non-zero velocity arises from broken spatial symmetry.
- Work can be extracted without cyclic protocols.
- Results validate quantum molecular dynamics algorithms in non-equilibrium regimes.

## Abstract

We study the dynamic properties of a thermal autonomous machine made up of two quantum Brownian particles, each of which is in contact with an environment at different temperature and moves on a periodic sinusoidal track. When such tracks are shifted, the center of mass of the system exhibits a non-vanishing velocity, for which we provide an exact expression in the limit of small track undulations. We discuss the role of the broken spatial symmetry in the emergence of directed motion in thermal machines. We then consider the case in which external deterministic forces are applied to the system, and characterize its steady state velocity. If the applied external force opposes the system motion, work can be extracted from such a steady state thermal machine, without any external cyclic protocol. When the two particles are not interacting, our results reduce to those of refs. [1,2] for a single particle moving in a periodic tilted potential. We finally use our results for the motor velocity to check the validity of the quantum molecular dynamics algorithm in the non--linear, non--equilibrium regime.