# Faint solar analogs: at the limit of no reddening

## TL;DR

This study develops a method to identify faint solar analogs with high precision, accounting for reddening effects, to improve the spectral modeling of Solar System bodies.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a spectroscopic methodology for selecting faint solar analogs at the limit of current survey capabilities, including a calibration of atmospheric parameters and reddening effects.

## Key findings

- Identified five solar analogs around V=10.5 mag at 135 pc.
- Achieved high precision in atmospheric parameters: 97 K in temperature, 0.06 dex in metallicity.
- Found that reddening can significantly affect temperature estimates, with some stars showing E(B-V) ≥ 0.06 mag.

## Abstract

The flux distribution of solar analogs is required for calculating the spectral albedo of Solar System bodies such as asteroids and trans-Neptunian objects. Ideally a solar analog should be comparably faint as the target of interest, but only few analogs fainter than V = 9 were identified so far. Only atmospheric parameters equal to solar guarantee a flux distribution equal to solar as well, while only photometric colors equal to solar do not. Reddening is also a factor to consider when selecting faint analog candidates. We implement the methodology for identifying faint analogs at the limit of precision allowed by current spectroscopic surveys. We quantify the precision attainable for the atmospheric parameters effective temperature ($T_{eff}$), metallicity ([Fe/H]), surface gravity (log $g$) when derived from moderate low resolution (R=8000) spectra with S/N $\sim 100$. We calibrated $T_{eff}$ and [Fe/H] as functions of equivalent widths of spectral indices by means of the PCA regression. We derive log $g$, mass, radius, and age from the atmospheric parameters, Gaia parallaxes and evolutionary tracks. We obtained $T_{eff}$/[Fe/H]/log $g$ with precision of 97 K/0.06 dex/0.05 dex. We identify five solar analogs with $V\sim10.5$ (located at $\sim135$ pc): HIP 991, HIP 5811, HIP 69477, HIP 55619 and HIP 61835. Other six stars have $T_{eff}$ close to solar but slightly lower [Fe/H]. Our analogs show no evidence of reddening but for four stars, which present $E(B-V) \geq 0.06$ mag, translating to at least a 200 K decrease in photometric $T_{eff}$.