# Effective two-level models for highly efficient inner-state enantio-separation based on cyclic three-level systems of chiral molecules

## TL;DR

This paper introduces two efficient methods for inner-state enantio-separation of chiral molecules using cyclic three-level systems, achieving near-perfect separation by controlling Rabi oscillations in effective two-level models.

## Contribution

The paper develops two novel approaches for inner-state enantio-separation based on cyclic three-level systems, enabling highly efficient separation through precise control of Rabi oscillations.

## Key findings

- Achieves near 100% efficiency in inner-state enantio-separation.
- Utilizes effective two-level models for simultaneous enantiomer control.
- Provides conditions for exact 100% separation using specific Rabi oscillation periods.

## Abstract

Based on cyclic three-level systems of chiral molecules, we propose two methods to realize highly efficient inner-state enantio-separations of a chiral mixture with the two enantiomers initially prepared in their ground states. Our methods work in the region where the evolutions of the two enantiomers can be described by their corresponding effective two-level models, simultaneously. The approximately $100\%$-efficiency inner-state enantio-separations can be realized when the probability occupying the ground state of one enantiomer becomes $0$ by experiencing half-integer periods of its corresponding on-resonance Rabi oscillation and in the meanwhile the other one still stays approximately in the ground state, under the conditions that the two enantiomers are governed by the effective on-resonance and large-detuning two-level models, respectively. Alternatively, the exactly $100\%$-efficiency inner-state enantio-separation can be obtained when the probabilities occupying the ground states of the two enantiomers simultaneously experience half-integer and integer periods of their corresponding on-resonance and detuned (instead of largely-detuned) Rabi oscillations with final $0$ and $1$ probabilities occupying the ground state, respectively.