# The Racah Algebra as a Subalgebra of the Bannai-Ito Algebra

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the Racah algebra can be embedded as a subalgebra within the Bannai-Ito algebra and characterizes its Casimir elements in terms of the algebra's generators.

## Contribution

It proves the injectivity of a homomorphism from the Racah algebra to the Bannai-Ito algebra, establishing an algebraic embedding and describing Casimir elements explicitly.

## Key findings

- Racah algebra is injectively embedded in Bannai-Ito algebra.
- Casimir elements are expressed as polynomials in specific generators.
- The embedding reveals structural relations between the two algebras.

## Abstract

Assume that ${\mathbb F}$ is a field with $\operatorname{char}{\mathbb F}\not=2$. The Racah algebra $\Re$ is a unital associative ${\mathbb F}$-algebra defined by generators and relations. The generators are $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ and the relations assert that $[A,B]=[B,C]=[C,A]=2D$ and each of $[A,D]+AC-BA$, $[B,D]+BA-CB$, $[C,D]+CB-AC$ is central in $\Re$. The Bannai-Ito algebra $\mathfrak{BI}$ is a unital associative ${\mathbb F}$-algebra generated by $X$, $Y$, $Z$ and the relations assert that each of $\{X,Y\}-Z$, $\{Y,Z\}-X$, $\{Z,X\}-Y$ is central in $\mathfrak{BI}$. It was discovered that there exists an ${\mathbb F}$-algebra homomorphism $\zeta\colon \Re\to \mathfrak{BI}$ that sends $A \mapsto \frac{(2X-3)(2X+1)}{16}$, $B \mapsto \frac{(2Y-3)(2Y+1)}{16}$, $C \mapsto \frac{(2Z-3)(2Z+1)}{16}$. We show that $\zeta$ is injective and therefore $\Re$ can be considered as an ${\mathbb F}$-subalgebra of $\mathfrak{BI}$. Moreover we show that any Casimir element of $\Re$ can be uniquely expressed as a polynomial in $\{X,Y\}-Z$, $\{Y,Z\}-X$, $\{Z,X\}-Y$ and $X+Y+Z$ with coefficients in ${\mathbb F}$.