# Commensurate-incommensurate phase transition and a network of domain walls in bilayer graphene with a biaxially stretched layer

## TL;DR

This paper models the formation of a domain wall network in bilayer graphene under biaxial stretching, predicting a phase transition and providing quantitative estimates for the network's properties, which can be experimentally verified.

## Contribution

It applies the two-chain Frenkel-Kontorova model to analytically describe the domain wall network and phase transition in stretched bilayer graphene, offering new quantitative insights.

## Key findings

- Formation of a triangular domain wall network becomes favorable above a critical stretch.
- The period of the domain wall network is inversely proportional to the excess biaxial elongation.
- Quantitative estimates for dislocation node energy and network period are provided.

## Abstract

The two-chain Frenkel-Kontorova model is applied for an analytical description of the energy and structure of the network of domain walls in bilayer graphene. Using this approach, the commensurate-incommensurate phase transition upon biaxial stretching of one of the graphene layers is considered. We demonstrate that formation of the equilateral triangular network of domain walls becomes energetically favourable above the critical relative biaxial elongation of the bottom layer of $3.0\cdot 10^{-3}$. It is shown that the optimal period of the triangular network of domain walls is inversely proportional to the difference between the biaxial elongation of the bottom layer and the critical elongation as long as it is much greater than the width of domain walls. Quantitative estimates of the contribution of a single dislocation node to the system energy and the period of the network of domain walls are obtained. Experimental measurements of the period could help to verify the energy of the fully incommensurate state (such as obtained by relative rotation of the layers) with respect to the commensurate one.