# Stable controllable giant vortex in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the creation of stable, large angular momentum giant vortices in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate by introducing a central potential hill, with stability confirmed through numerical simulations.

## Contribution

It introduces a method to form and control stable giant vortices in a BEC using a central potential hill, expanding understanding of vortex stability and formation.

## Key findings

- Giant vortices form in a harmonic trap with a central potential hill.
- Stability of giant vortices depends on interaction strength and potential hill height.
- Numerical simulations confirm the dynamical stability of the giant vortices.

## Abstract

In a harmonically-trapped rotating Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a vortex of large angular momentum decays to multiple vortices of unit angular momentum from an energetic consideration. We demonstrate the formation of a robust and dynamically stable giant vortex of large angular momentum in a harmonically trapped rotating BEC with a potential hill at the center, thus forming a Mexican hat like trapping potential. For a small inter-atomic interaction strength, a highly controllable stable giant vortex appears, whose angular momentum slowly increases as the angular frequency of rotation is increased. As the inter-atomic interaction strength is increased beyond a critical value, only vortices of unit angular momentum are formed, unless the strength of the potential hill at the center is also increased: for a stronger potential hill at the center a giant vortex is again formed. The dynamical stability of the giant vortex is demonstrated by real-time propagation numerically. These giant vortices of large angular momentum can be observed and studied experimentally in a highly controlled fashion.