# Detailed numerical simulations of atomization of a liquid jet in a swirling gas crossflow

## TL;DR

This paper uses volume-of-fluid simulations to analyze how swirling gas crossflows influence the breakup, spray characteristics, and droplet formation of a liquid jet in aerospace engine combustors.

## Contribution

It presents detailed numerical simulations capturing jet breakup dynamics and the effects of swirl on spray behavior, advancing understanding of atomization in swirling flows.

## Key findings

- Swirl increases droplet size.
- Penetration depth slightly decreases with swirl.
- Trajectory angle is smaller than inlet swirl angle.

## Abstract

Breakup of a liquid jet in a high speed gaseous crossflow finds wide range of engineering and technological applications, especially in the combustors of the gas turbine engines in aerospace industry. In this study, we present volume-of-fluid method based direct numerical simulations of a liquid jet injected into a swirling crossflow of gas. The liquid is injected radially outwards from a central tube to a confined annular space with a swirling gas crossflow. The essential features of the jet breakup involving jet flattening, surface waves and stripping of droplets from the edges of the jet are captured in the simulations. We discuss the effect of swirl on the spray characteristics such as jet trajectory, column breakup-length, and size, shape-factor and velocity distribution of the drops. Drop size increases with swirl and penetration is slightly reduced. Moreover, the trajectory follows an angle (azimuthal) that is smaller than the geometric angle of the swirl at the inlet. Interestingly, we also observe coalescence events downstream of the jet that affect the final droplet size distribution for the geometry considered in this study.