# Kerr Black Holes as Elementary Particles

## TL;DR

This paper links Kerr black holes to elementary particles by showing their properties can be derived from spin operator exponentiation in scattering amplitudes, unifying gravity and electromagnetism in a quantum framework.

## Contribution

It reveals the origin of the Kerr solution's complex deformation as arising from spin operator exponentiation in three-particle amplitudes, connecting classical black hole solutions to quantum scattering theory.

## Key findings

- Electromagnetic impulse matches spinning particle model
- Kerr black hole impulse derived via double copy from spinning particle
- Shift in Coulomb potential explained by spin-factor exponentiation

## Abstract

Long ago, Newman and Janis showed that a complex deformation $z\rightarrow z+i a$ of the Schwarzschild solution produces the Kerr solution. The underlying explanation for this relationship has remained obscure. The complex deformation has an electromagnetic counterpart: by shifting the Coloumb potential, we obtain the EM field of a certain rotating charge distribution which we term $\sqrt{\rm Kerr}$. In this note, we identify the origin of this shift as arising from the exponentiation of spin operators for the recently defined "minimally coupled" three-particle amplitudes of spinning particles coupled to gravity, in the large-spin limit. We demonstrate this by studying the impulse imparted to a test particle in the background of the heavy spinning particle. We first consider the electromagnetic case, where the impulse due to $\sqrt{\rm Kerr}$ is reproduced by a charged spinning particle; the shift of the Coloumb potential is matched to the exponentiated spin-factor appearing in the amplitude. The known impulse due to the Kerr black hole is then trivially derived from the gravitationally coupled spinning particle via the double copy.