# Electron parallel closures for various ion charge numbers

## TL;DR

This paper extends electron parallel closure models from Z=1 to Z=10, providing smoothly varying parameters that enable interpolation for noninteger ion charge numbers, enhancing modeling flexibility.

## Contribution

The study develops a unified set of parameters for electron parallel closures across a range of ion charge numbers, allowing for interpolation and broader applicability.

## Key findings

- Parameters vary smoothly with Z
- Closure models can be interpolated for noninteger Z
- Enhanced modeling flexibility for plasma simulations

## Abstract

Electron parallel closures for the ion charge number $Z=1$ [J.-Y. Ji and E. D. Held, Phys. Plasmas \textbf{21}, 122116 (2014)] are extended for $1\le Z\le10$. Parameters are computed for various $Z$ with the same form of the $Z=1$ kernels adopted. The parameters are smoothly varying in $Z$ and hence can be used to interpolate parameters and closures for noninteger, effective ion charge numbers.