# X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy of protein dynamics at nearly diffraction limited storage rings

## TL;DR

This paper evaluates the potential of next-generation diffraction-limited storage rings to significantly enhance X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy for studying protein dynamics at nanometer scales, enabling new biological insights.

## Contribution

It provides a quantitative analysis of how increased coherent flux and coherence lengths at DLSRs improve SNR for XPCS of proteins, guiding future beamline design.

## Key findings

- SNR increases by over an order of magnitude at DLSRs
- XPCS of biological macromolecules becomes feasible at nanometer scales
- Guidelines for optimizing experimental parameters at future sources

## Abstract

This study explores the possibility to measure dynamics of proteins in solution using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) at nearly diffraction limited storage rings (DLSR). We calculate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of XPCS experiments from a concentrated lysozyme solution at the length scale of the hydrodynamic radius of the protein molecule. We take limitations given by the critical X-ray dose into account and find expressions for the SNR as a function of beam size, sample-detector distance and photon energy. Specifically, we show that the combined increase in coherent flux and coherence lengths at the DLSR PETRA IV will yield an increase in SNR of more than one order of magnitude. The resulting SNR values indicate that XPCS experiments of biological macromolecules on nm length scales will become feasible with the advent of a new generation of synchrotron sources. Our findings provide valuable input for the design and construction of future XPCS beamlines at DLSRs.