# Astronomical distance scales in the Gaia era

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the methods and recent advancements in measuring astronomical distances, highlighting the impact of ESA's Hipparcos and Gaia missions on stellar and extragalactic distance scales.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of distance measurement techniques and emphasizes the transformative role of Gaia in refining astronomical distance scales.

## Key findings

- Gaia significantly improved stellar distance accuracy.
- The review underscores the importance of precise distance measurements for astrophysics.
- ESA missions have revolutionized our understanding of cosmic scales.

## Abstract

Overview of the determination of astronomical distances from a metrological standpoint. Distances are considered from the Solar System (planetary distances) to extragalactic distances, with a special emphasis on the fundamental step of the trigonometric stellar distances and the giant leap recently experienced in this field thanks to the ESA space astrometry missions Hipparcos and Gaia.