Using Machine Learning to Optimize Web Interactions on Heterogeneous Mobile Multi-cores

TL;DR

This paper introduces a machine learning-based method to optimize energy consumption during interactive web browsing on mobile devices by dynamically adjusting processor settings based on predicted user interactions.

Contribution

It presents a novel runtime machine learning approach integrated into a mobile browser to improve energy efficiency during user interactions, a less explored aspect of web energy optimization.

Findings

Reduces energy consumption by over 36% on average

Achieves up to 70% energy savings in experiments

Improves energy-efficiency by 17% over existing schedulers

Abstract

The web has become a ubiquitous application development platform for mobile systems. Yet, web access on mobile devices remains an energy-hungry activity. Prior work in the field mainly focuses on the initial page loading stage, but fails to exploit the opportunities for energy-efficiency optimization while the user is interacting with a loaded page. This paper presents a novel approach for performing energy optimization for interactive mobile web browsing. At the heart of our approach is a set of machine learning models, which estimate \emph{at runtime} the frames per second for a given user interaction input by running the computation-intensive web render engine on a specific processor core under a given clock speed. We use the learned predictive models as a utility function to quickly search for the optimal processor setting to carefully trade responsive time for reduced energy consumption. We integrate our techniques to the open-source Chromium browser and apply it to two representative mobile user events: scrolling and pinching (i.e., zoom in and out). We evaluate the developed system on the landing pages of the top-100 hottest websites and two big.LITTLE heterogeneous mobile platforms. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed approach reduces the system-wide energy consumption by over 36\% on average and up to 70\%. This translates to an over 17\% improvement on energy-efficiency over a state-of-the-art event-based web browser scheduler, but with significantly fewer violations on the quality of service.