# Particle-resolved simulations of shock-induced flow through particle clouds at different Reynolds numbers

## TL;DR

This paper uses particle-resolved large eddy simulations to analyze how shock-induced flows through particle clouds depend on Reynolds number, revealing flow behavior, force statistics, and implications for modeling dispersed flows.

## Contribution

It introduces detailed LES-based analysis of shock-particle cloud interactions across Reynolds numbers, enhancing understanding and modeling of such flows.

## Key findings

- Reflected shock strength increases as Reynolds number decreases.
- Maximum particle drag aligns with inviscid predictions.
- Flow velocity correlates with flow fluctuation magnitudes.

## Abstract

This study investigates the Reynolds-number dependence of shock-induced flow through particle layers at 10\% volume fraction, using ensemble-averaged results from particle-resolved large eddy simulations. The advantage of using large eddy simulations to study this problem is that they capture the strong velocity shears and flow separation caused by the no-slip condition at the particle surfaces. The shock particle cloud interaction produces a reflected shock wave, whose strength increases with decreasing particle Reynolds number. This results in important changes to the flow field that enters the particle cloud. The results show an approximate proportionality between the mean flow velocity and the flow fluctuation magnitudes. Maximum particle drag forces are in excellent agreement with previous inviscid studies, and we complement these results with statistics of time-averaged particle forces as well as the variation of temporal oscillations. The results of this work provides a basis for development of improved simplified dispersed flow models.