# Unruh Quantum Otto heat engine with level degeneracy

## TL;DR

This paper explores a quantum heat engine based on the Unruh effect with a degenerate excited state, showing that degeneracy enhances work extraction while efficiency depends solely on energy levels.

## Contribution

It introduces a model of a quantum Otto engine with degenerate levels and analyzes how degeneracy acts as a resource to increase work output.

## Key findings

- Degeneracy increases the maximum extractable work.
- Efficiency depends only on the energy gap, not degeneracy.
- Work extraction has an upper bound as degeneracy grows infinitely.

## Abstract

We investigate the Unruh quantum Otto heat engine with level degeneracy. An effectively two level system, where the ground state is non-degenerate and the excited state is $n$-fold degenerate, is acting as the working substance, and the vacuum of massless free scalar field serves as a thermal bath via the Unruh effect. We calculate the heat and work at each step of the Unruh quantum Otto cycle and study the features of the heat engine. The efficiency of the heat engine depends only on the excited energy values of the two level system, not on its level degeneracy. However, the degeneracy acts as a kind of thermodynamic resource and helps us to extract more work than in the non-degenerate case. The extractable work has a finite upper bound, corresponding to $n\rightarrow \infty$.