3D Prestack Fourier Mixed-Domain (FMD) depth migration for VTI media with large lateral contrasts

TL;DR

This paper introduces a stable, explicit 3D prestack depth migration method for VTI media with large lateral contrasts, improving upon existing phase-screen techniques through a higher-order extension and demonstrating effectiveness on synthetic and real data.

Contribution

A higher-order extension to the Fourier Mixed-Domain (FMD) migration method for 3D VTI media with large lateral contrasts, enhancing stability and accuracy over previous phase-screen approaches.

Findings

Successfully applied to 3D SEG/EAGE salt model

Effective on 2D Hess anisotropic model

Proven on real Barents Sea data

Abstract

Although many 3D One-Way Wave-equation Migration (OWEM) methods exist for VTI media, most of them struggle either with the stability, the anisotropic noise or the computational cost. In this paper we present a new method based on a mixed space- and wavenumber-propagator that overcome these issues very effectively as demonstrated by the examples. The pioneering methods of phase-shift (PS) and Stolt migration in the frequency-wavenumber domain designed for laterally homogeneous media have been followed by several extensions for laterally inhomogeneous media. Referred many times to as phase-screen or generalized phase-screen methods, such extensions include as main examples of the Split-step Fourier (SSF) and the phase-shift plus interpolation (PSPI). To further refine such phase-screen techniques, we introduce a higher-order extension to SSF valid for a 3D VTI medium with large lateral contrasts in vertical velocity and anisotropy parameters. The method is denoted Fourier Mixed-Domain (FMD) prestack depth migration and can be regarded as a stable explicit algorithm. The FMD technique was tested using the 3D SEG/EAGE salt model and the 2D anisotropic Hess model with good results. Finally, FMD was applied with success to a 3D field data set from the Barents Sea including anisotropy.