# Constraining the Fraction of Core-Collapse Supernovae Harboring Choked Jets with High-energy Neutrinos

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how high-energy neutrino observations can constrain the fraction of core-collapse supernovae that produce choked jets, which are jets stalled inside the star, using current and future multi-messenger detection capabilities.

## Contribution

It introduces a method to limit the fraction of supernovae with choked jets through neutrino observations and explores future detection prospects with LSST, IceCube, and Km3NET.

## Key findings

- Current observations already limit high jet production fractions.
- Future detectors could improve constraints on choked jet occurrence.
- Neutrino signals can reveal hidden jet activity in supernovae.

## Abstract

The joint observation of core-collapse supernovae with gamma-ray bursts shows that jets can be launched in the aftermath of stellar core collapse, likely by a newly formed black hole that accretes matter from the star. Such gamma-ray bursts have only been observed accompanying Type Ibc supernovae, indicating a stellar progenitor that lost its Hydrogen envelope before collapse. According to recent hypothesis it is possible that jets are launched in core-collapse events even when the progenitors still retain their Hydrogen envelopes, however, such jets are not able to burrow through the star and will be stalled into the interior of the progenitor star before escaping. These jets are called chocked jets. High-energy neutrinos produced by such choked jets could escape the stellar envelope and could be observed. Here we examine how multi-messenger searches for high-energy neutrinos and core-collapse supernovae can detect or limit the fraction of stellar collapses that produce jets. We find that a high fraction of jet production is already limited by previous observational campaigns. We explore possibilities with future observations using LSST, IceCube and Km3NET.