# The Cosmic Galois Group and Extended Steinmann Relations for Planar $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM Amplitudes

## TL;DR

This paper identifies a minimal space of polylogarithmic functions constrained by extended Steinmann relations and cosmic Galois principles, to express six-particle amplitudes in planar ${
m N}=4$ SYM theory across multiple loops.

## Contribution

It introduces a new constrained function space for amplitudes, respecting extended Steinmann relations and cosmic Galois coaction, with an iterative construction algorithm and insights into special kinematic configurations.

## Key findings

- The function space is minimal and respects key physical and mathematical constraints.
- An iterative algorithm for constructing the space is developed.
- Simplifications occur at weight eight, revealing deeper structure.

## Abstract

We describe the minimal space of polylogarithmic functions that is required to express the six-particle amplitude in planar ${\cal N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory through six and seven loops, in the NMHV and MHV sectors respectively. This space respects a set of extended Steinmann relations that restrict the iterated discontinuity structure of the amplitude, as well as a cosmic Galois coaction principle that constrains the functions and the transcendental numbers that can appear in the amplitude at special kinematic points. To put the amplitude into this space, we must divide it by the BDS-like ansatz and by an additional zeta-valued constant $\rho$. For this normalization, we conjecture that the extended Steinmann relations and the coaction principle hold to all orders in the coupling. We describe an iterative algorithm for constructing the space of hexagon functions that respects both constraints. We highlight further simplifications that begin to occur in this space of functions at weight eight, and distill the implications of imposing the coaction principle to all orders. Finally, we explore the restricted spaces of transcendental functions and constants that appear in special kinematic configurations, which include polylogarithms involving square, cube, fourth and sixth roots of unity.