# Mass evolution of Schwarzschild black holes

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how Schwarzschild black holes change in mass over time considering quantum emission, external conditions, and initial mass, showing most eventually evaporate but some can grow or diverge.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of black hole mass evolution under various conditions, including different initial masses and external environments.

## Key findings

- Most black holes evaporate completely under various conditions.
- Black hole mass can increase or diverge depending on external temperature and initial mass.
- The study covers mass evolution across different cosmic eras.

## Abstract

In the classical theory of general relativity black holes can only absorb and not emit particles. When quantum mechanical effects are taken into account, then the black holes emit particles as hot bodies with temperature proportional to $\kappa$, its surface gravity. This thermal emission can lead to a slow decrease in the mass of the black hole, and eventually to its disappearance, also called black hole evaporation. This characteristic allows us to analyze what happens with the mass of the black hole when its temperature is increased or decreased, and how the energy is exchanged with the external environment. This paper has the aim to make a review about the mass evolution of Schwarzschild black holes with different initial masses and external conditions as the empty space, the cosmic microwave background with constant temperature, and with temperature varying in accordance with the eras of the universe. As a result, we have the complete evaporation of the black holes in most cases, although their masses can increase in some cases, and even diverge for specific conditions.