Optimal Combination of Frequency Control and Peak Shaving with Battery Storage Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel optimization framework that enables battery storage systems to simultaneously provide frequency control and perform peak shaving, thereby increasing profitability through multi-service integration.

Contribution

The work presents a dynamic programming-based method to optimally combine frequency control and peak shaving, including capacity aggregation across multiple batteries at different sites.

Findings

Significant profit increase when combining services.

Effective capacity aggregation across multiple batteries.

Enhanced profitability compared to single-service operation.

Abstract

Combining revenue streams by providing multiple services with battery storage systems increases profitability and enhances the investment case. In this work, we present a novel optimisation and control framework that enables a storage system to optimally combine the provision of primary frequency control services with peak shaving of a consumption profile. We adopt a dynamic programming framework to connect the daily bidding in frequency control markets with the longer term peak shaving objective: reducing the maximum consumption peak over an entire billing period. The framework also allows to aggregate frequency control capacity of multiple batteries installed at different sites, creating synergies when the consumption profile peaks occur on different times. Using a case study of two batteries at two industrial sites, we show that the presented approach increases net profit of the batteries significantly compared to using the batteries for only peak shaving or frequency control.

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